Kodi Valavu Yosapanga Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo ndi Chiyani?

A valavu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbirindi valavu yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulamulira kuyenda kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madzi, kuphatikizapo mpweya, madzi, nthunzi, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowononga, matope, mafuta, zitsulo zamadzimadzi, ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radioactive.

1. Chidule Choyambira ndi Mitundu Yaikulu ya Ma Vavu a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

Tanthauzo ndi Makhalidwe Aakulu:

A valavu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbirindi valavu yomwe zigawo zake zazikulu, monga thupi la valavu ndi chivundikiro cha valavu, zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Ndi mtundu wa valavu yomwe siimakonda dzimbiri, siigwira dzimbiri, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba.

Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri omwe amagwira ntchito amatha kuyambira pa kupsinjika kochepa kwambiri kwa 0.0013MPa mpaka kupsinjika kwakukulu kwambiri kwa 1000MPa, ndipo kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatha kuyambira pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa -269℃ mpaka kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1430℃. Imatha kuwongolera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzimadzi, kuphatikiza madzi, nthunzi, mafuta, gasi, slurry, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowononga, zitsulo zamadzimadzi, ndi madzi owopsa.

• Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri ndipo chimatha kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri.
• Kukana Kudzimbiritsa: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichichita dzimbiri ndipo chimatha kupirira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowononga.
• Kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa kupanikizika: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi mphamvu komanso kulimba kwabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chizitha kupirira malo omwe ali ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu.

2. Kugawa Ma Vavu a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri:

Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi mitundu yofala kuphatikizapo:

2.1. Kugawa Magulu Malinga ndi Mtundu wa Valavu:

• Vavu Yopanda Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsulo
• Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri Globe Vavu
• Vavu Yoyang'ana Yosapanga Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo
• Vavu ya Gulugufe Yosapanga Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo
• Zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo mpira vavu

Pakati pawo, ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amatsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu mwa kuzunguliza pakati pa valve madigiri 90. Kutengera kapangidwe kake, amatha kugawidwanso m'mitundu yoyandama, yokhazikika, komanso yolimba.

2.2. Kugawa Zinthu ndi Valve:

• Vavu ya CF8 (Vavu ya 304)
• Vavu ya CF8M (Vavu ya 316)
• Vavu ya CF3 (Vavu ya 304L)
• Vavu ya CF3M (Vavu ya 316L)

Zipangizo zina za ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimaphatikizapo ma valve 321, ma valve 201, ndi zina zotero.

3. Kodi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira N'chiyani?

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chidule cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso chosagwira asidi. Zitsulo zosagwira zinthu zofooka monga mpweya, nthunzi, ndi madzi, kapena zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, zimatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zosagwira zinthu zowononga mankhwala (ma acid, alkali, mchere, ndi zina zotero) zimatchedwa chitsulo chosagwira asidi.

Akatswiri a zitsulo apanga mitundu yambiri yatsopano yachitsulo powonjezera zinthu monga Mo, Cu, Nb, ndi Ti ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zinthu zochepetsera monga C, Si, Mn, S, ndi F, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kulimba kwa mvula (kuuma kwa sedimentation) chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex nazonso zapangidwa bwino.

Zindikirani: Zipangizo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma valve ndi monga CF8, CF8M, CF3, ndi CF3M. Palinso zitsulo za super duplex, monga 4A, 5A, ndi 6A.

Makhalidwe a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira

• Kukana dzimbiri: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi kukana dzimbiri kwabwino, amalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana.
• Kugwira Ntchito Kwabwino Kwambiri Potsekera: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthasintha ngati malo otsekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotsekera ikhale yotseka komanso kupewa kutulutsa madzi.
• Mphamvu Yaikulu ndi Kukana Kuwonongeka: Zipangizo za mavavu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, mavavu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zokana kuvulala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
• Yokongola Kwambiri Komanso Yosavuta Kuyeretsa: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso malo owala komanso owala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitsuka mosavuta komanso kusamalira.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amatha kusankhidwa kutengera zochitika zinazake zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

4. Zinthu Zofunika Kuganizira Posankha Valve ya Chitsulo Chosapanga Zitsulo

4.1. Kusanthula kwa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito ndi Zachilengedwe:

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowononga, kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo okhala ndi ma chloride ions (monga madzi a m'nyanja kapena madzi amchere) kapena zinthu zowononga kwambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316 kapena 316L chomwe sichingawonongeke chiyenera kuyikidwa patsogolo kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304.

4.2. Kusankha Zinthu Zosapanga Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo:

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimafuna kufananiza molondola kutengera momwe ntchito ikuyendera.

• 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira: Chili ndi 18% chromium ndi 8% nickel (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 18/8), chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zotsutsa dzimbiri komanso makina, choyenera malo ambiri osakhala ovuta kwambiri, monga madzi a m'matauni, mafakitale azakudya, ndi machitidwe a HVAC. Mphamvu yake yolimba ≥520MPa ndi kutalika ≥40%.
• Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira cha 316/316L: Kutengera 304, molybdenum (Mo) imawonjezeredwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri lisawonongeke, makamaka kuti lisawonongeke ndi dzimbiri. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa uinjiniya wa m'nyanja, kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja, matanki osungira mankhwala, ndi malo ena okhala ndi ma chloride ion kapena okhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yowononga. 316L ili ndi mpweya wochepa (≤0.03%), zomwe zimathandiza kuti dzimbiri lisamawonongeke pambuyo powotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve akuluakulu omwe amafuna kuwotcherera.
• 3. Zipangizo Zina: Pazida zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kuwonongeka (monga ma valve stems ndi ma valve cores), chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic (monga 410) chingagwiritsidwe ntchito; m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri ya kuthamanga kwambiri, dzimbiri lalikulu, komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi (monga mafuta ndi gasi), chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex (monga 2205), chomwe chili ndi mphamvu kawiri kuposa 304, chingaganiziridwe.

4.3. Magawo a Valuvu ndi Zofunikira Zotsekera:

Kukula koyenera kwa valavu (nominal diameter DN) kuyenera kusankhidwa kutengera kukula kwa payipi ndi zofunikira pa kayendedwe ka makina, ndipo kuyenera kufananizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa makina. Kugwira ntchito kwa kutseka kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito; chifukwa chake, kapangidwe koyenera ka kutseka ndi zinthu (monga PTFE soft seals kapena hard alloy hard seals) ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe a sing'anga.

5. Makhalidwe ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Valves a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

5.1. Makhalidwe a Kapangidwe ndi Kugawa:

Kupatula kugawidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe kake m'mitundu yoyandama, yokhazikika, komanso yolimba, ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amathanso kugawidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la valve m'magawo awiri (bowo lochepetsedwa, kapangidwe kakang'ono), awiri (bowo lonse), ndi atatu (kapangidwe kophatikizana, kosavuta kusokoneza ndi kukonza, kukana kuthamanga kwambiri). Magawo a mainchesi odziwika ndi otakata, nthawi zambiri kuyambira DN15 mpaka DN200.

5.2. Ubwino wa Kuchita Bwino:

• Kukana Kudzimbiritsa: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi kukana bwino dzimbiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowononga komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mapaipi ali otetezeka.
• Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimawalola kuti azitha kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapaipi ali olimba.
• Kukana Kwabwino kwa Kupanikizika: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kupanikizika, zomwe zimawalola kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opanikizika kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapaipi ali otetezeka.
• Kukana Dzimbiri: Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sachita dzimbiri, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yawo yogwirira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera.

Mwachidule, chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yabwino kwambiri, mavavu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi udindo wofunikira mumakampani opanga mavavu. Mavavu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti akonze chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa makina a mapaipi ndikuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera.

6. Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito

Ma valve osapanga dzimbiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a mankhwala, petrochemical, mafuta, mapepala, migodi, magetsi, gasi wosungunuka, chakudya, mankhwala, madzi ndi ngalande, makampani akuluakulu, zida zamakina, zamagetsi, ndi zomangamanga za m'mizinda. Ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri zowongolera m'machitidwe oyendera madzi a mapaipi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha dera lodutsa ndi komwe njira yoyendera, ndipo zimakhala ndi ntchito monga kutsogolera, kutseka, kuwongolera, kutsekereza, kuyang'anira ma valve, kuchekerera, kapena kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi.

7. Malangizo Opewera

Posankha ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu zoyenera ndi chitsanzo ziyenera kusankhidwa kutengera malo enieni ogwirira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a media.

Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malangizo oyenera panthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kukonza kuti atsimikizire kuti amagwira ntchito bwino komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito.

Yendani nthawi zonse ndikusamalira ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti muzindikire ndi kuthetsa mavuto ndi zolakwika zomwe zingachitike.

Malo Okhazikitsa ndi Kukonza: Pakukhazikitsa, tsinde la valavu liyenera kukhala lolunjika mmwamba, ndipo chingwe chonyamulira chiyenera kumangiriridwa ku flange, osati pa handguard kapena tsinde la valavu. Kuti mupewe dzimbiri, pewani kukanda pamwamba pa flange panthawi yokhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo polumikiza, kutsuka ndi kupukuta kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yake kuti mubwezeretse filimu yoteteza. M'malo owononga, kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndi kusunga valavu youma kumalimbikitsidwa.

8. Chidule

Ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo abwino komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Posankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu monga zipangizo, chitsanzo, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi zofunikira pakukhazikitsa ndi kukonza ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira.