Mawu Oyamba:Valavu ya mpira inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1950. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo mwachangu, kusintha kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wopanga ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu, yakula mofulumira kukhala mtundu waukulu wa vavu m'zaka 50 zokha. M'mayiko otukuka akumadzulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu a mpira kukuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka.
Vavu ya mpira imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudula, kugawa ndi kusintha njira yoyendera ya sing'anga mupaipi. Imangofunika kuzunguliridwa madigiri 90 ndipo mphamvu yaying'ono imatha kutsekedwa bwino. Vavu ya mpira ndi yoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati switch ndi shut-off valve.
Popeza valavu ya mpira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito rabara, nayiloni ndi polytetrafluoroethylene ngati zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chisindikizo cha mpando, kutentha kwake kumachepetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chisindikizo cha mpando. Ntchito yodula ya valavu ya mpira imatheka pokanikiza mpira wachitsulo motsutsana ndi mpando wa valavu ya pulasitiki pansi pa mphamvu ya sing'anga (valavu yoyandama). Pansi pa mphamvu inayake yokhudzana, mphete yotsekera mpando wa valavu imadutsa kusintha kwa elastic-plastic m'madera am'deralo. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kubweza kulondola kwa kupanga ndi kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa mpira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti valavu ya mpira ikugwira ntchito bwino.
Ndipo chifukwa mphete yotsekera mpando wa valavu ya valavu ya mpira nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, posankha kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a valavu ya mpira, kukana moto ndi kukana moto kwa valavu ya mpira kuyenera kuganiziridwa, makamaka m'madipatimenti a mafuta, mankhwala, zitsulo ndi zina, m'malo oyaka moto ndi ophulika. Ngati mavalavu a mpira akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida ndi makina apaipi, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kukana moto ndi chitetezo cha moto.
Mawonekedwe a valavu ya mpira
1. Ili ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri yolimbana ndi madzi (kwenikweni zero). 2. Sidzakakamira ikagwira ntchito popanda mafuta, kotero imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pa zinthu zowononga komanso madzi otsika kutentha. 3. Imatha kutseka 100% pamlingo waukulu wa kuthamanga ndi kutentha. 4. Imatha kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka ya nyumba zina ndi 0.05 ~ 0.1s yokha, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu dongosolo lodziyimira pawokha la benchi yoyesera. Valve ikatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa mwachangu, palibe kugwedezeka komwe kumagwira ntchito. 5. Kutseka kozungulira kumatha kuyikidwa kokha pamalo ake. 6. Chogwirira ntchito chimatsekedwa bwino mbali zonse ziwiri. 7. Chikatsegulidwa bwino komanso chotsekedwa bwino, malo otsekera a mpira ndi mpando wa valavu amalekanitsidwa ndi chogwirira, kotero chogwirira chomwe chimadutsa mu valavu pa liwiro lalikulu sichidzapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa chogwirira chiwonongeke. 8. Ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono komanso kulemera kopepuka, imatha kuonedwa ngati kapangidwe ka valavu koyenera kwambiri pamakina apakati otentha kwambiri. 9. Thupi la valavu ndi lofanana, makamaka pamene kapangidwe ka thupi la valavu kamalumikizidwa, komwe kumatha kupirira kupsinjika kuchokera ku payipi. 10. Chidutswa chotsekacho chimatha kupirira kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwambiri potseka. 11. Vavu ya mpira yokhala ndi thupi la valavu yolumikizidwa mokwanira ikhoza kuikidwa mwachindunji pansi, kuti mkati mwa valavu musawonongeke, ndipo nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito ikhoza kufika zaka 30. Ndi valavu yoyenera kwambiri pamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya mpira
Makhalidwe ambiri apadera a ma valve a mpira amatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a mpira ndi kwakukulu. Kawirikawiri, posintha malo awiri, kugwira ntchito molimbika, matope, kuwonongeka, kuchepetsedwa kwa njira, kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu (kutsegula ndi kutseka 1/4), kudula kwa kuthamanga kwamphamvu (ma valve a mpira amalimbikitsidwa pamakina apaipi omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga), phokoso lochepa, kutsekeka kwa mpweya ndi mpweya, kutuluka pang'ono kwa mpweya mumlengalenga, mphamvu yochepa yogwirira ntchito, komanso kukana madzi pang'ono.
Valavu ya mpira ndi yoyeneranso pa dongosolo la mapaipi okhala ndi kapangidwe kopepuka, kudula kwa mphamvu yochepa (kusiyana pang'ono kwa mphamvu) ndi malo owononga. Mavavu a mpira angagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyika ma cryogenic (cryogenic) ndi mapaipi. Mu dongosolo la mapaipi a okosijeni mumakampani opanga zitsulo, mavavu a mpira omwe adachitidwa chithandizo chokhwima chochotsa mafuta amafunika. Pamene mzere waukulu mu payipi yamafuta ndi payipi ya gasi ukufunika kukwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka, valavu ya mpira yolumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chonse iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakufunika kusintha, valavu ya mpira yokhala ndi kapangidwe kapadera yokhala ndi potseguka looneka ngati V iyenera kusankhidwa. Mu mafuta, petrochemical, mankhwala, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zomangamanga za m'mizinda, mavavu a mpira otsekereza kuchokera kuchitsulo kupita kuchitsulo amatha kusankhidwa pamakina a mapaipi okhala ndi kutentha kogwira ntchito kopitilira madigiri 200.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito valavu ya mpira
Mizere yayikulu yotumizira mafuta ndi gasi lachilengedwe, mapaipi omwe amafunika kutsukidwa, ndikukwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka, sankhani valavu ya mpira yokhala ndi njira yonse komanso kapangidwe kolumikizidwa; kuikidwa pansi, sankhani valavu ya mpira yokhala ndi njira yonse yolumikizidwa kapena kulumikizana kwa flange; chitoliro cha nthambi, sankhani kulumikizana kwa flange, kulumikizana kolumikizidwa, valavu ya mpira yodzaza kapena yochepetsedwa. Mapaipi ndi zida zosungira mafuta oyeretsedwa amagwiritsa ntchito mavalavu a mpira opindika. Pa payipi ya gasi ndi gasi lachilengedwe, valavu ya mpira yoyandama yokhala ndi kulumikizana kwa flange ndi kulumikizana kwa ulusi wamkati imasankhidwa. Mu dongosolo la mapaipi a okosijeni mu dongosolo la zitsulo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya mpira yokhazikika yomwe yachitidwa chithandizo chokhwima chochotsa mafuta ndipo yapindika. Mu dongosolo la mapaipi ndi chipangizo chapakati chotentha, valavu ya mpira yotsika kutentha yokhala ndi chivundikiro cha valavu iyenera kusankhidwa. Pa dongosolo la mapaipi la gawo loyambitsa kusweka kwa gawo loyeretsera mafuta, valavu ya mpira yamtundu wa ndodo yokweza ikhoza kusankhidwa. Mu zipangizo ndi machitidwe a mapaipi okhala ndi zinthu zowononga monga asidi ndi alkali m'makina a mankhwala, ma valve onse a mpira osapanga dzimbiri opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndi PTFE ngati mphete yotsekera mpando wa valve ayenera kusankhidwa. Ma valve a mpira otsekera achitsulo ndi chitsulo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makina a mapaipi kapena zipangizo zapakati pa kutentha kwambiri m'makina a zitsulo, machitidwe amagetsi, zomera za petrochemical, ndi makina otenthetsera m'mizinda. Pakufunika kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi, valavu ya mpira yoyendetsedwa ndi nyongolotsi, ya pneumatic kapena yamagetsi yokhala ndi kutsegula kofanana ndi V ikhoza kusankhidwa.
Chidule:Kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a mpira ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zikupitirirabe kukula, ndipo akupita patsogolo motsatira kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, mainchesi akulu, magwiridwe antchito otseka kwambiri, moyo wautali, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri a valve imodzi. Kudalirika kwake ndi zina Zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito zafika pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo zasintha pang'ono ma valve a chipata, ma valve a globe, ndi ma valve owongolera. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwa ma valve a mpira, adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwakanthawi kochepa, makamaka m'mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, ma crackers mumafuta oyenga mafuta komanso m'makampani opanga zida za nyukiliya. Kuphatikiza apo, ma valve a mpira adzakhalanso amodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu ya ma valve m'minda ya caliber yayikulu ndi yapakati, yapakati ndi yotsika m'mafakitale ena.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2022