Valavu ya Chipata cha Wedge: Buku Lotsogolera la Ukadaulo kwa Mainjiniya & Kugula

1. Kodi Valavu Yolimba ya Chipata cha Wedge ndi Chiyani?

Valavu yolimba ya wedge gate ndi membala wapamwamba wavalavu ya chipata cha wedgebanja. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi yakuti chidebe cha chipata chimakutidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka kapena zopangidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka (nthawi zambiri rabara ya EPDM) m'malo mwa kapangidwe kakale ka kutseka kwachitsulo. Kapangidwe kameneka cholinga chake ndi kupereka kutseka kodalirika kwa mbali ziwiri pamene tikupewa mavuto ofala omwe amapezeka m'ma valve a chipata cholimba.

Mosiyana ndi ma valve achikhalidwe okhala ndi zitsulo, chipata cha valavu yolimba ya wedge nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chitsulo cholimba chokhala ndi zokutira za EPDM zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yovomerezeka ya madzi akumwa. Mukatseka, rabara yolimba imalumikizana ndi mpando wa valavu, m'malo molumikizana ndi chitsulo cholimba. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, ma valve a reliable wedge akhala chisankho chachikulu pamaneti oyeretsera madzi ndi kugawa, makamaka pa kukula mpaka DN600. Masiku ano, opanga otsogola awonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma valve mpaka DN1000 kapena DN1200.

Kufunika Kogula: Ma valve oteteza chitsulo omwe ali olimba amapereka ubwino wapadera pakupereka madzi, kukhetsa madzi ndi kuyeretsa madzi otayira. Malo otsekera a rabara amateteza bwino kuwonongeka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili m'kati mwa chitsulo, ndipo safuna kulumikizidwa bwino kwambiri ndi nkhope zotsekera zitsulo, motero amachepetsa ndalama zopangira ndi kukonza.

2. Kodi Valavu ya Chipata cha Wedge Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Valavu ya chipata cha wedge ndi valavu yozungulira mozungulira: tsinde lake limayendetsa chipatacho mozungulira ndi ulusi. Chipatacho chimayenda molunjika ku njira yoyendera.

Ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito:

1.Kutseka: Pamene gudumu lamanja kapena choyendetsera magetsi chatembenuzidwa mozungulira wotchi, tsinde limasuntha chipata pansi. Mawonekedwe awiri otsekereza a chipata chooneka ngati wedge amapangidwa ndi pamwamba pokhuthala ndi pansi pang'ono. Pamene chipata chikutsika m'mipando ya thupi, malo otsetsereka amapanga ntchito yokakamiza pakati pa mipando. Izi zimapangitsa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya axial kukhala mphamvu yotsekereza ya radial, motero zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsekedwa kolimba. Iyi ndi njira yotsekereza mphamvu - mphamvu yotsekereza imachokera makamaka ku mphamvu yakunja, osati ku mphamvu ya mzere.

2.Kutsegula: Tsinde limazungulira mbali ina, kukweza chipata kuchoka pa mipando ndikutsegula bwino njira yolowera madzi. Ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu, valavu ya chipata imapereka njira yowongoka, yopanda chopinga komanso yolimba kwambiri, ndipo imalola kuti nkhumba zapaipi zidutse.

3.Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito: Popeza tsinde limafuna kutembenuka kangapo kuti limalize kusuntha konse, ma valve a chipata amatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa pang'onopang'ono. Mbali imeneyi imathandizanso kupewa zotsatira za nyundo yamadzi.

Chidziwitso chofunikiraMa valve a chipata cha wedge amapangidwira kuti atsegulidwe bwino kapena kutsekedwa bwino. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma valve otsekereza. Chipata chotseguka pang'ono chidzawonongeka ndi madzi ndi kukhudzidwa, zomwe zingawononge nkhope zotsekereza ndikuyambitsa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso.

3. Kugawa Ma Valves a Chipata cha Wedge

Ma valve a chipata cha wedge akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi zofunikira zingapo:

3.1 Ndi Chipata Chomanga Ma Disc

Pakati pa izi, kapangidwe ka wedge kosinthasintha kamaphatikiza zabwino za ma disk olimba komanso awiri ndipo ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito ma valve apakati mpaka akulu a bore wedge gate.

3.2 Ndi Kukonza kwa Stem

• Tsinde lokwera (chokulungira ndi goli lakunja)- Tsinde limapita mmwamba ndi pansi pamene likugwira ntchito, zomwe zimasonyeza bwino malo a valavu.

•Tsinde losakwera (chokulungira mkati)– Tsinde limazungulira popanda kuyenda mozungulira; nati ya tsinde imakwera/kutsika. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutalika kochepa.

3.3 Pogwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yogwirira Ntchito

Manual, electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.

3.4 Ndi Mtundu Wolumikizira

Zopindika, zolukira matako, mtundu wa wafer, ndi zina zotero.

4. Kusiyana Pakati pa Ma Vavu a Chipata cha Wedge ndi Ma Vavu a Chipata Chofanana

Ma valve a zipata amagawidwa m'magulu a wedge ndi ofanana kutengera mawonekedwe a zipata. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi:

Malangizo osankha: Sankhani ma valve a chipata cha wedge pamene pakufunika kudalirika kwambiri komanso kutseka mbali zonse ziwiri. Pa nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, madzi ophikira boiler kapena ntchito zina zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, ma valve a chipata chofanana amapewa kuphimba kutentha ndipo kungakhale chisankho chabwino.

5. Miyezo Yoyenera Yopangira Ma Valves a Chipata cha Wedge

Kapangidwe, kupanga ndi kuyesa ma valve a chipata cha wedge kuyenera kutsatira miyezo yambiri yaukadaulo. Miyezo iyi imatsimikizira kuti zinthu zili bwino, zimasinthasintha komanso zimakhala zotetezeka. Miyezo yayikulu yamkati ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi yafupikitsidwa pansipa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri opanga zinthu ndi ogula panthawi yosankha ndi kulandira.

5.1 Miyezo ya Dziko la China (GB) ndi Makampani (JB)

Pa msika wa m'dziko muno,Ma Valves a Chipata cha Wedgenthawi zambiri amatsatira miyezo iyi:

Kale, JB/T 1739‑1992 (“Zinthu za kapangidwe ka ma valve – Kutalika kwa mipando ndi kukula kwa ngodya ya wedge ya ma valve a chipata cha wedge”) zinkayang'ana makamaka ngodya za wedge, koma zinachotsedwa mu 2005. Masiku ano, kusankha ngodya ya wedge kumadalira machitidwe a wopanga payekha komanso momwe ntchito yake imagwirira ntchito.

5.2 Miyezo Yapadziko Lonse (API, ASME, AWWA, ndi zina zotero)

Pa mapulojekiti otumiza kunja kapena mapangidwe a muyezo waku America, miyezo yotsatirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:

5.3 Miyezo Yodzipereka ya Ma Valves Olimba a Chipata cha Wedge (Makampani a Madzi)

Pa nkhani yokhudza kupereka madzi ndi ngalande, bungwe la American Water Works Association (AWWA) lapanga mndandanda wapadera wazinthu zomwe zingathandize pakupereka madzi ndi ngalande:

•ANSI/AWWA C509- Muyezo wa ma valve a chipata okhala ndi mphamvu yolimba (3 in. ndi zazikulu, mpaka 250 psig). Imafotokoza zofunikira pa chophimba cholimba (kumatira pa ASTM D429), zomatira za stem, kutseka mwamphamvu kwa bubble, ndi zina zotero.

•ANSI/AWWA C515- Muyezo wa ma valve a chipata cholimba cha ductile-iron resilient wedge gate (a mainchesi 4 ndi kupitirira apo), okhala ndi makulidwe a khoma komanso zofunikira pa zinthu.

•AWWA C111/A21.11- Muyezo wa zolumikizira za rabara (zamakina ndi zokankhira), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira kumapeto kwa makina.

5.4 Miyezo Ina Yoyenera

5.5 Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Kugula ndi Kuvomereza

Posankha ndikulandira ma valve a chipata cha wedge, ogwira ntchito yogula ayenera kutsimikizira mfundo zotsatirazi zotsatizana:

1.Chitsimikizo cha kapangidwe kake- Onetsetsani kuti valavuyo yapangidwa motsatira mtundu woyenera (monga GB/T 12234, API 600 kapena AWWA C509) kuti igwire ntchito yomwe mukufuna.

2.Muyeso wa nkhope ndi nkhope- Tsimikizirani kuti kutalika kwa valavu kukugwirizana ndi GB/T 12221 kapena ASME B16.10 kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali kusinthana komwe kulipo.

3.Kugwirizana kwa Flange– Tsimikizirani kuti muyezo wa flange (JB/T 79, GB/T 9113, ASME B16.5, ndi zina zotero) ukugwirizana ndi dongosolo la mapaipi.

4.Ndemanga ya lipoti la mayeso- Pemphani malipoti oyesa fakitale mogwirizana ndi JB/T 9092 kapena API 598, kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya chipolopolo, mpando wakumbuyo, ndi zotsatira za mayeso otayira madzi pampando.

5.Zikalata zakuthupi- Kuti mupeze ma valve okhazikika a chipata cha wedge, pezani satifiketi ya zinthu zokutira za EPDM ndi malipoti oyesera kumatirira.

6.Kuyang'ana zizindikiro– Tsimikizirani kuti chizindikiro cha thupi la valavu chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T 12220 (wopanga, kukula, zinthu, kalasi ya kupanikizika, ndi zina zotero).

6. Kodi ngodya ya Wedge ya Wedge Gate Valve ndi Chiyani?

Ngodya ya wedge ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira kwambiri opangira ma valve a chipata cha wedge, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika kwa kutseka, mphamvu yogwirira ntchito komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.

6.1 Miyezo Yofanana ya Ngodya ya Wedge

Ngodya pakati pa nkhope iliyonse yotsekera ndi mzere woyimirira pakati (monga ngodya ya wedge) nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuchokera ku mfundo zotsatirazi:

•2°52′
•3°30′
•5° (yofala kwambiri)
•8°
•10°

Pakati pa izi, 5° ndiye yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Valavu yolumikizirana ya chipata ikhoza kuonedwa ngati bokosi lapadera lokhala ndi ngodya ya wedge ya 0°.

6.2 Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kusankha Ngodya ya Wedge

Ngodya ya wedge imadalira kwambiri kutentha kwa sing'anga:

•Kutentha kukakwera, ngodya iyenera kukhala yayikulu - izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusweka kwa kutentha (kumangirira) chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kutentha kwa chipata.

•Pa malo otentha kwambiri, ngodya yaying'ono monga 2°52′ nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa.

•Pa ntchito zotentha kwambiri, ma angles akuluakulu (5°, 8° kapena ngakhale 10°) ndi omwe amakondedwa.

6.3 Mfundo Zopangira Ngodya ya Wedge

Ngodya ya wedge si yokhazikika. Kapangidwe ka wedge kamapangidwira kuti kapange mphamvu yowonjezera yotsekera makina pamene valavu yatsekedwa. Ngodya yaying'ono imapanga mphamvu yayikulu yotsekera yozungulira yoyendera mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsekedwa kodalirika kukhale kolimba, koma imafuna kulondola kwambiri kwa makina ndipo imakhala ndi mwayi wotentha kwambiri. Ngodya yayikulu, mosiyana, imalola kuti ntchito ikhale yosalala komanso chiopsezo chochepa chomangirira, koma imafunika nthawi yayitali yotsekera kuti ipange mphamvu yomweyo yotsekera.

Monga tanenera kale, muyezo wapadera wa JB/T 1739‑1992 unachotsedwa mu 2005. Pakadali pano, kusankha ngodya ya wedge kumadalira malamulo a kapangidwe ka wopanga aliyense komanso momwe ntchito yake imagwirira ntchito.

7. Mfundo Zowonjezera Zofunika kwa Akatswiri Opanga Mainjiniya ndi Ogula Zinthu

7.1 Magawo Aukadaulo Anthawi Zonse a Ma Valves a Chipata Cholimba cha Wedge

•Kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika: Ma mtengo ofanana ndi PN16 (16 bar), 200 psi (13.8 bar) CWP, 300 psi (20.7 bar), ndi zina zotero.

•Kuchuluka kwa kutenthaMitundu yokhala ndi rabara nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa pa -10°C mpaka +130°C; mitundu yokhala ndi zitsulo imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri.

•Kukula kwa mitundu: DN50 mpaka DN1000+.

•Zinthu zogwirira ntchito: Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi ductile, ndi zina zotero.

•Kusindikiza zinthu: Rabala ya EPDM (yomwe imayimira madzi akumwa).

7.2 Ubwino Waukulu wa Ma Valves Olimba a Chipata cha Wedge

•Ziro ya mbali ziwiriKutseka kwa kutuluka kwa madzi - mphero ya rabara yolimba imapereka chitseko cholimba cha thovu.

•Mphamvu yotsika yogwirira ntchito- kukangana kwa mphira motsutsana ndi chitsulo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kukangana kwa chitsulo ndi chitsulo.

•Palibe kumamatira- wedge yolimba imatha kusokonekera pang'ono, kotero siimadzaza mipando ngati wedge yolimba.

•Moyo wautali wautumiki- zinthu zolimba zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhope zotseka.

7.3 Malangizo Ogulira

1. Yerekezerani mikhalidwe yautumiki- Sankhani ngodya yoyenera ya wedge kutengera kutentha kwapakati; pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, ganizirani mapangidwe a wedge osinthasintha kapena ofanana.

2. Kutsatira malamulo okhazikika- Tsimikizirani kuti malondawa akukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera monga EN 1074, BS 5163, AWWA C550, ndi zina zotero.

3. Chitetezo cha dzimbiri- Yang'anani chophimba chamkati ndi chakunja (monga ufa wa epoxy wolumikizidwa ndi fusion - FBE).

4. Mtundu wa mphamvu- Sankhani tsinde lokwera/losakwera, lamanja/lamagetsi/lampweya malinga ndi zofunikira pamalopo.

Ma Valves a Chipata cha WedgeMa valve odzipatula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina opayipira mapaipi ndi ena mwa ma valve odzipatula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kusankha kwawo kumaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zaukadaulo, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe kotseka, kusankha ngodya ya wedge, kuyanjana kwa zinthu ndi kutsata miyezo. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa akatswiri aukadaulo ndi ogula zinthu pakusankha mapulojekiti ndi zisankho zawo zogula.