Ngati mudakumanapo ndi vuto la kubwerera kwa madzi mu makina opopera madzi, mukudziwa kale momwe zimakhalira zokhumudwitsa - komanso zodula -. Limodzi mwa mayankho osavuta komanso odalirika ndiValavu Yowunikira MpiraSi chinthu chowala kwambiri mu kapangidwe ka mapaipi anu, koma chikagwira ntchito, simuchizindikira bwino. Ndicho chifukwa chake.
Munkhaniyi, ndikukufotokozerani zomwe valavu yowunikira mpira imachita, momwe imafananira ndi mavalavu ena omwe mungaganizire, komanso chifukwa chake nthawi zina mpira wakale wozungulira umakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri.
Kodi Valavu Yoyesera Mpira N'chiyani? (Chiyambi)
Valavu Yoyesera Mpirae ndi mtundu waValavu yosabwezera. Imalola madzi kuyenda mbali imodzi ndipo imatseka yokha kuyenda mobwerera m'mbuyo. Chotsekeracho - mwaganiza - ndi mpira. Nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, rabala, kapena nthawi zina pulasitiki ngati PTFE.
Mosiyana ndi valavu ya chipata kapena valavu ya mpira (mtundu wokhala ndi lever), valavu yowunikira mpira siifunikira chogwirira, chowongolera, komanso chothandizira pamanja. Imagwira ntchito kokha pa kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
Momwe valavu yowunikira mpira imagwirira ntchito (njira yoyambira)
Mkati mwa thupi la valavu, muli dzenje pomwe mpira umakhala momasuka. Madzi akalowa kuchokera kumbali yolowera, amakankhira mpira kuchokera pampando wake. Madzi amayendayenda mozungulira mpirawo ndikutuluka kudzera mu soketi. Kuthamanga kwa polowera kukatsika kapena kuyenda mobwerera m'mbuyo kukayamba, mpirawo umakankhidwira kumbuyo pampando. Zimenezo zimatseka potseguka. Palibe kubwerera m'mbuyo.
Zikumveka zosavuta chifukwa ndi zoona. Ndipo kuphweka kumeneko ndi chifukwa chake ma valve awa ndi ovuta kuwapha.
Udindo wa mpira ngati chinthu chotsekera
Mpira umagwira ntchito ziwiri. Ndi gawo losuntha komanso chisindikizo. Ngati mpando wapangidwa bwino ndipo mpirawo ndi wozungulira (zomwe zimamveka zomveka, koma ma valve otsika mtengo nthawi zina amalephera apa), pamwamba pake pamakhala kutsekedwa kolimba. Pa madzi odetsedwa kapena zakumwa zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpira wokhala ndi rabara ukhoza kutseka bwino kuposa wachitsulo chifukwa umapindika pang'ono pampando.
Kodi Valavu Yoyesera Mpira Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za makinawo. Chifukwa ngati mukufuna kukula kwa valavu ya dongosolo lenileni, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika mkati.
Kapangidwe ka Valavu Yoyezera Mpira
Pampu ikayamba, liwiro la madzi limapanga kusiyana kwa kuthamanga. Kupanikizika kwa kulowa kumakwera, kuthamanga kwa kutuluka kumakhala kotsika. Kusiyana kumeneko kumakweza mpira. Mpirawo sufunika kukwera kwambiri - nthawi zambiri umakhala mamilimita ochepa chabe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma valve owunikira mpira amakhala ndi kuthamanga kochepa. Kuthamanga kwa madzi kukayima kapena kubwerera m'mbuyo, mphamvu yokoka ndi kumbuyo zimabwezera mpirawo pampando.
Mu malo okhazikika, mphamvu yokoka imathandiza kuti mpira ubwerere mmbuyo. Mu mizere yoyima (yopita mmwamba), mpira umabwerera mmbuyo pamene pampu yaima. Mapangidwe ena amawonjezera kasupe wowala kuti uthandize kukhala m'malo opanda mpweya wochepa.
Zigawo Zofunika
Valavu yoyambira yoyezera mpira ili ndi zigawo zitatu zofunika zokha: thupi, mpira, ndi mpando. Ndizo zonse. Palibe masipulogalamu, palibe ma hinges, palibe diaphragm. Mitundu ina imawonjezera kasupe (kasupe wodzaza mpira) kuti ayankhe mwachangu, koma kapangidwe ka "free-ball" kakale ndi kosavuta monga momwe valavu imachitira.
Thupi lake likhoza kukhala la pulasitiki (PVC, CPVC), la mkuwa, losapanga dzimbiri, kapena lachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Mpando nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi makina m'thupi kapena wopangidwa ndi zinthu zina zofewa monga NBR kapena EPDM.
Chithunzi cha Valavu Yoyang'anira Mpira
(Ngati mukuyang'ana chithunzi chenicheni pakali pano - tangoganizirani.)
Taganizirani chitoliro chopingasa. Kumanzere kuli cholowera. Thupi la valavu limatupa pang'ono pakati kuti lipange chipinda. Mkati mwa chipindacho, mpira umakhala moyandikana ndi mpando wakumanzere ukatsekedwa. Pamene madzi akulowa kuchokera kumanzere, mpirawo umapita kumanja, ndikutsegula potseguka. Madzi amadutsa mozungulira mpirawo kudzera m'bowo lalikulu. Pamene madzi akusiya, mpirawo umabwerera kumanzere.
“Kuphulika” kumeneko ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu ndi chitoliro wamba. Popanda icho, mpira sungasunthe.
Valavu Yowunikira Mpira vs. Mitundu Ina ya Valavu
Nthawi zambiri ndimaona anthu akusokoneza ma valve oyesera mpira ndi ma valve ena. Tiyeni tikonze zimenezo.
Valavu Yowunikira Mpira vs. Valavu Yowunikira Yozungulira
Vavu yoyesera swing imagwiritsa ntchito diski yokhala ndi hinged yomwe imatseguka ndi kutsekedwa. Imagwira ntchito bwino pamadzi oyera kapena mpweya, koma hinge imatha kudzaza ndi zinyalala. Mavavu oyesera mipira alibe hinges. Ngati grit yalowa, mpira nthawi zambiri ukhoza kuwugubuduza kapena kuugwira pansi pa dzenje popanda kutaya chisindikizo.
Kusiyana kwina: kuyeza kugwedezeka kumafuna kuyenda kwakukulu kuti kukhale kotseguka. Pakuyenda pang'ono, diski imatha kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti iwonongeke. Valavu yoyezera mpira imatsegulidwa kwathunthu ngakhale pakuyenda pang'ono chifukwa mpira umagubuduzika kwathunthu. Komabe, kuyeza kugwedezeka nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya wochepa ukatsegulidwa kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake ngati mukusuntha madzi oyera ambiri, kuyeza kugwedezeka kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri. Pakuyenda kodetsedwa kapena kosakhazikika, kuyeza mpira kumapambana.
Valavu Yowunikira Mpira vs. Valavu Yokhazikika ya Mpira
Izi ndi chisokonezo chofala. Valavu ya mpira wamba (yomwe ili ndi chogwirira chozungulira kotala) si valavu yoyang'anira. Ndi valavu yotseka. Mumatembenuza chogwirira kuti mugwirizane ndi dzenje mu mpira ndi chitoliro cha payipi. Chimakhala pomwe mwachiyika. Sichitseka chokha madzi akabwerera m'mbuyo.
Valavu yowunikira mpira ilibe chogwirira. Imagwira ntchito yokha. Simungathe "kuitsegula" kapena "kuitseka" pamanja. Chifukwa chake wina akapempha "valavu ya mpira" poletsa kugwedezeka kwa madzi, onetsetsani kuti akutanthauza valavu yowunikira mpira. Kupanda kutero, mudzakhala ndi chisokonezo chachikulu pompu ikasiya kugwira ntchito.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Valves Oyesera Mpira
Ma valve oyezera mpira amaonekera m'malo omwe kudalirika ndi kulekerera dothi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa kugwira ntchito bwino.
Mphamvu za Valve Zosabwezera
Monga valavu yosabwezera, njira yowunikira mpira imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'mizere yotulutsira madzi pampu. Taganizirani mapampu a sump, makina othirira, ndi mapampu oyezera mankhwala. Zimaletsa madzi opompedwa kuti asatulukirenso mu thanki pamene pampu yazima. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pampu siyenera kubwezeretsanso madzi nthawi iliyonse ikayamba.
Ndaona macheke a mipira akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapampu a bilge m'mabwato kwa zaka zambiri. Madzi amchere, zinyalala, ntchito yosakhalitsa - mpira waung'ono wa rabara umangogwira ntchito.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Valavu Yoyang'anira Kupanikizika Kwambiri
Pamene kupanikizika kupitirira 1,000 psi, ma valve ambiri oyesera amavutika. Ma valve odzaza ndi masika amatha kutopa. Ma Swing checks amatha kugwedezeka. Koma valavu yowunikira mpira woyandama - makamaka yokhala ndi mpira wachitsulo ndi mpando wolimba - imatha kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu. Mpirawo umagawa mphamvu yotsekera mofanana kuzungulira mpando, mosiyana ndi poppet yomwe imaika kupsinjika pa mphete yaying'ono.
Mupeza ma valve oyesera mpira othamanga kwambiri m'makina a hydraulic, ma washer othamanga kwambiri, ndi mizere yotulutsira compressor yobwerezabwereza. Ena ali ndi ma psi okwana 10,000.
Valavu Yoyang'anira Mpira Yoyandama - Chidule Chatsatanetsatane
Mawu akuti "floating ball check valve" akumveka bwino, koma amangotanthauza kuti mpirawo sunatsogozedwe ndi tsinde kapena khola. Ndi ufulu kuyenda mozungulira ndikuzungulira. Nchifukwa chiyani zili zofunika? Chifukwa mpira woyandama ukhoza kuzungulira. Pamene madzi akuyenda, mpirawo umazungulira mwachisawawa. Zimenezi zimagawa kusweka mofanana pamwamba pake. Mpira wotsogozedwa, mosiyana, umasweka pamalo omwewo ndipo pamapeto pake umatuluka.
Mapangidwe a mipira yoyandama amathandizanso kusakhazikika bwino. Ngati thupi la valavu lasokonekera pang'ono chifukwa cha kutentha kapena ma flange omangika kwambiri, mpirawo umapezabe mpando. Poppet wolimba sangachite zimenezo.
Vuto limodzi: mipira yoyandama nthawi zina imatha "kumveka" pang'onopang'ono ngati mpirawo wagunda pakati pa mpando ndi kuyima. Koma kwenikweni, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri pokhapokha ngati madziwo ali ngati osasuntha.
Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Ma Vavu Oyesera Mpira
Ndifotokoze mwachidule chifukwa chake mainjiniya ambiri amayesa valavu yoyezera mpira kaye.
Kusindikiza kosavuta komanso kodalirika- Zigawo zochepa zoyenda zikutanthauza kuti zinthu sizikuyenda bwino. Palibe masiponji oti asweke. Palibe zingwe zoti zichite dzimbiri.
Kusamalira kochepa– Valvu yoyezera mpira ikatha (patapita zaka zambiri), nthawi zambiri mumangosintha mpirawo ndi mpando. Mapangidwe ena amakulolani kuchita zimenezo popanda kuchotsa valavu pamzere.
Yoyenera madzi okhuthala kapena odetsedwa– Mpirawo ukhoza kukankhira pambali zinthu zolimba zazing'ono. Kuyang'ana mozungulira kungatsekeke. Kuyang'ana mozungulira kungang'ambike.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono- Kuyang'anira mpira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa poyerekeza ndi kuwunikira kwa swing. Izi ndizofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ma tight pump skids kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi.
Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kusamala: ma valve owunikira mpira amafunika kuti madzi aziyenda pang'ono kuti asamatseguke. Ngati madzi akuyenda pang'ono kwambiri (ma trickles), mpirawo sungakwere mokwanira, ndipo mudzakhala ndi zoletsa zina. Koma pa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale ndi za m'matauni, si vuto.
Kutsiliza: Kusankha Valavu Yoyenera Yoyezera Mpira pa Dongosolo Lanu
Ndiye, mumasankha bwanji yoyenera?
Choyamba, yang'anani madzi anu. Madzi oyera? Pafupifupi chilichonse chimagwira ntchito. Madzi amchere kapena mankhwala? Sankhani pulasitiki kapena zosapanga dzimbiri. Madontho? Gwiritsani ntchito mpira wokutidwa ndi rabala ndi mpando wofewa.
Chachiwiri, yang'anani kuthamanga kwanu ndi kutentha kwanu. Mipira ya PVC yokhazikika imayesa kutentha kwambiri pafupifupi 140°F ndi 150 psi. Mipira yachitsulo imakwera kwambiri.
Chachitatu, ganizirani za momwe mpira umayendera. Chitoliro cholunjika chokhala ndi madzi oyenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja? Chabwino. Choyimirira chokhala ndi madzi oyenda mmwamba? Chabwinonso. Choyimirira chokhala ndi madzi oyenda pansi? Musachite izi - mpirawo umangogwera pampando ndikukhala wotsekedwa.
Pomaliza, ganizirani za kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Ngati makina anu ali ndi kuthamanga kochepa kwambiri, yang'anani mpira wopepuka (wapulasitiki) kapena kapangidwe kothandizidwa ndi masika.
Valavu yowunikira mpira si yankho lolondola pa vuto lililonse la kubwerera kwa madzi. Koma pa mapampu ambiri, ma drain, ndi mizere yamadzimadzi yonyansa, ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe idzakhalapo kuposa makina ena onse. Ndipo mukayika imodzi, mwina mudzayiwala kuti ilipo - zomwe ndi zomwe mukufuna kuchokera ku valavu yowunikira.
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*Ngati mukuyesa kukula kwa valavu yowunikira mpira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito inayake, nthawi zonse yang'anani deta ya wopanga ya flow coefficient (Cv). Vavu yaying'ono kwambiri imapangitsa mpirawo kukwezedwa nthawi zonse ndipo sangatseke bwino. Vavu yayikulu kwambiri imalola mpirawo kudumphadumpha. Chitani bwino, ndipo udzayenda kwa zaka zambiri popanda kuyitana kulikonse kwautumiki.*
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-11-2026