Momwe Ma Valuvu a Mpira Amasinthira Malo Oopsa

Chiyambi

Ma Vavu a Mpiraamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale chifukwa cha kudalirika kwawo, kugwira ntchito mwachangu, komanso kugwira ntchito mozimitsa. Komabe, ikayikidwa mumalo oopsa—monga malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi, mafakitale opangira mankhwala, mafakitale oyeretsera, ndi ntchito zamigodi—mapangidwe a ma valve okhazikika nthawi zambiri sakwanira.

Malo oopsa amachititsa ngozi kuphatikizapo mpweya woyaka, fumbi loyaka, kutentha kwambiri, zinthu zowononga, ndi magwero omwe angayatse moto. Kuti mugwire ntchito mosamala komanso modalirika pansi pa mikhalidwe iyi,Ma Vavu a Mpiraiyenera kukhala yopangidwa mwapadera, yotsimikiziridwa, komanso yoyesedwakuti mupeze chithandizo cha malo oopsa.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokozamomwe ma valve a mpira amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malo oopsa, kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kusintha kwa kapangidwe, kusankha zinthu, ziphaso, ndi malangizo othandiza posankha zinthu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale.

kusintha, kusankha zinthu, ziphaso, ndi malangizo othandiza posankha zinthu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale.

Kodi Malo Oopsa Ndi Otani?

Malo oopsa amatanthauzidwa ngati malo omwempweya woyaka, nthunzi, zakumwa, kapena fumbi loyakaZingakhalepo zokwanira kupangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi ya moto kapena kuphulika.

Machitidwe odziwika bwino a magulu ndi awa:

• Madera a IEC / ATEX

  • Chigawo 0 / 20: Kupezeka kosalekeza kwa mpweya wophulika

  • Chigawo 1 / 21: Kupezeka nthawi zonse

  • Chigawo 2 / 22: Kukhalapo kosayembekezereka, kwa nthawi yochepa

• Makalasi ndi Magawo a NEC / CEC

  • Kalasi Yoyamba: Mpweya ndi nthunzi

  • Kalasi Yachiwiri: Fumbi loyaka

  • Kalasi III: Ulusi ndi kuuluka

Ma valve a mpira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo awa ayenera kutsatira zofunikira pamagulu ndi malamulo.

Kusintha Kofunikira kwa Ma Valves a Mpira Omwe Ali Pangozi

1. Kapangidwe ka Anti-Static (Electrostatic Discharge)

Mu mlengalenga woopsa, magetsi osasinthasintha amatha kugwira ntchito ngati gwero la kuyatsa. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezochi, ma valve a mpira owopsa amaphatikizapozipangizo zotsutsana ndi malozomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino pakati pa:

• Mpira ndi tsinde

• Tsinde ndi thupi

Izi zimaletsa kusonkhana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika panthawi yogwira ntchito ya ma valavu, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri kapena wouma.

2. Kapangidwe Kotetezeka pa Moto

Ma valve a mpira oteteza moto apangidwa kuti azisunga umphumphu wotsekangakhale atayatsidwa ndi moto.

Zinthu zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• Kusindikiza kwachiwiri kwachitsulo ndi chitsulo

• Graphite kapena kulongedza tsinde kosagwira moto

• Kutsatira miyezo mongaAPI 607, API 6FA, kapena ISO 10497

Kapangidwe koteteza moto ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi, petrochemical, ndi mafakitale oyeretsera.

3. Kuphulika Kosavomerezeka ndi Kuopsa Koyambitsa Mavuto

Ma valve a mpira akapangidwa okha, choyendetsera magetsi chimakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo.

Ma valve a mpira omwe ali pangozi akhoza kukhala ndi:

• Zoyendetsa zamagetsi zosaphulika

• Ma actuator a pneumatic okhala ndi ma solenoid ovomerezeka

• Makhola ovoteledwa kutiATEX, IECEx, UL, kapena CSA

Ma actuator awa adapangidwa kuti aletse kuyaka kwamkati kuti kusafalikire kumalo akunja.

4. Kutseka Kwambiri ndi Kulamulira Utsi Wotuluka Mwadzidzidzi

Kutuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha chitetezo komanso chilengedwe. Ma valve osinthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kulongedza tsinde lopanda mpweya wambiri (machitidwe okhala ndi graphite kapena PTFE)

• Makonzedwe olongedza katundu

• Kutsatira malamuloISO 15848 or API 622

Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kutseka kwa nthawi yayitali kumachitika bwino pansi pa kupanikizika, kugwedezeka, ndi kutentha.

5. Zipangizo Zolimba Zothandizira pa Mavuto Ovuta

Kusankha zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri m'malo oopsa.

Zosintha zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:

• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, duplex, kapena super duplex bodies

• Ma alloy osagwira dzimbiri (Inconel, Monel, Hastelloy)

• Zophimba zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zotetezera kunja

• Mipando ndi zisindikizo zoyezera kutentha kwambiri

Zipangizozi zimalimbitsa kulimba kwa ntchito yowononga, yopanikizika kwambiri, kapena yotentha kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Valves a Mpira Omwe Ali ndi Malo Oopsa

Ma valve a mpira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oopsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu:

• Makina a mafuta ndi gasi kumtunda, pakati, ndi kumunsi

• Malo opangira mankhwala ndi petrochemical

• Malo osungira zinthu za LNG ndi LPG

• Mapulatifomu akunyanja

• Kugwira ntchito zamigodi ndi zinthu zambiri

• Kupanga utoto, zosungunulira, ndi mankhwala

Mu ntchito izi, kulephera kwa ma valavu kungayambitse ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zofunikira zoyenera za ma valavu zikhale zofunika.

Momwe Mungasankhire Valavu Yabwino ya Mpira pa Malo Oopsa

Mukasankha valavu ya mpira kuti igwire ntchito yoopsa, ganizirani zinthu zotsatirazi:

Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito

• Kupanikizika ndi kutentha kwapakati

• Mtundu wa media (gasi, madzi, slurry)

• Kupezeka kwa zinthu zowononga kapena zowononga

Kugawa Zoopsa

• Zofunikira pa Zone / Kalasi / Gawo

• Zikalata zofunikira (ATEX, IECEx, UL, ndi zina zotero)

Kusintha kwa Valavu

• Kapangidwe koyandama kapena kokhazikika pa trunnion

• Zofunikira zoteteza moto komanso zotsutsana ndi static

• Kugwira ntchito ndi manja kapena zokha

Kutsatira Malamulo ndi Zolemba

• Zikalata zoyeserera

• Kutsata zinthu

• Zolemba zaubwino ndi zowunikira

Kusankha valavu yomwe imakwaniritsa zonse ziwirizofunikira pa njira ndi miyezo yowongolerandikofunikira kwambiri kuti chitetezo chikhale chokhazikika komanso kuti chitsatire malamulo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Miyezo ndi Ziphaso Zoyenera

Ma valve a mpira omwe ali ndi malo oopsa nthawi zambiri amatsatira izi:

• Malangizo a ATEX (2014/34/EU)

• Ndondomeko ya Chitsimikizo cha IECEx

• API 607 ​​/ API 6FA(Kuyesa moto)

• ISO 15848(Kutulutsa mpweya woipa chifukwa cha kuthawa)

• NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156(Ntchito yowawasa)

Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa satifiketi ndi kuyenerera kwa ntchito inayake.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)

Kodi ma valve okhazikika a mpira ndi oyenera malo oopsa?

Ayi. Ma valve okhazikika a mpira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kapangidwe kotsutsana ndi malo ozungulira, kapangidwe kotetezeka pamoto, komanso kutsimikizika kofunikira pa malo oopsa.

Kodi ma valve onse a mpira omwe ali pangozi amafunikira ma actuator osaphulika?

Ma valve odziyimira okha ndi omwe amafunikira ma actuator oteteza kuphulika kapena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo. Ma valve oyendetsedwa ndi manja amafunikirabe zinthu zoletsa kuphulika komanso zoteteza moto.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa satifiketi ya ATEX ndi IECEx ndi kotani?

ATEX ndi malangizo aku Europe, pomwe IECEx ndi ndondomeko ya satifiketi yapadziko lonse lapansi. Zonsezi zimayang'ana chitetezo cha zida mumlengalenga wophulika, koma kuvomerezedwa kumadalira malamulo am'deralo.

Kodi ma valve owopsa a malo ayenera kuyesedwa kangati?

Kuchuluka kwa kuwunika kumadalira kuopsa kwa ntchito, koma kuwunika ndi kukonza nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira malamulo ndi chitetezo.

Mapeto

Ma valve a mpira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oopsa amafunikakapangidwe kapadera, zigawo zovomerezeka, komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansiMwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsutsana ndi kutentha, kapangidwe kotetezeka ku moto, mphamvu yogwira ntchito yosaphulika, ndi zipangizo zolimba, ma valve awa amatha kugwira ntchito mosamala m'malo ena ovuta kwambiri m'mafakitale.

Kwa mainjiniya, makontrakitala a EPC, ndi akatswiri ogula zinthu, kumvetsetsa momwe ma valve amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malo oopsa ndikofunikira popanga zisankho zodziwa bwino, zotsatizana, komanso zotsika mtengo.