Ma Valves a Gulugufe Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri Okhala ndi Mphamvu Zambiri: Kukonza Chitetezo cha Moto ndi Kusataya Madzi mu Njira Zovuta

Chiyambi

Mu makina amakono opangira mankhwala, kuyeretsa mafuta ndi gasi, komanso mapaipi akuluakulu a mafakitale, kufunikira kwa ma valve opepuka komanso opapatiza kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga zinthu. Ma valve a zipata ndi ma valve a mpira akhala chisankho chokhazikika cha kutsekedwa mwamphamvu, koma kulemera kwawo, kukula kwa envelopu, ndi mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito pa mainchesi akuluakulu ndi zopinga zenizeni zachuma. Kuyankha kwa makampani kwakhala kofala kwambiri.valavu ya gulugufe yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Pakati pa izi,valavu ya gulugufe iwiri yosiyana—yomwe imatchedwanso valavu ya gulugufe yopangidwa ndi mbali ziwiri—yakhala muyezo waukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zokwera, kutentha kwambiri, ndi zinthu zosinthasintha. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oopsa a hydrocarbon, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wotsimikizira woteteza moto sikofunikira; ndi lamulo lotsatira malamulo lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza antchito ndikuletsa zochitika zoopsa m'fakitale yoyeretsera.

1. Jiometri ya Double Offset

Ma valve a gulugufe okhazikika—kumene shaft imadutsa mwachindunji pakati pa diski ndi mpando—amavutika ndi kukhudzana kosalekeza komanso kokwera kwambiri panthawi yonse yozungulira 90°. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mipando iwonongeke mwachangu, kung'ambika kwa malo, komanso mphamvu yogwira ntchito ikhale yokwera.

Valavu ya gulugufe iwiri yosiyana imathetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zosiyana zoyezera:

Kuchotsera Koyamba: Shaft ili kumbuyo kwa malo otsekera a mpando wa valavu. Izi zimathandiza kuti diski izitseke mosalekeza kudutsa malire onse a 360°.

Kuchotsera Kwachiwiri: Shaft imachotsedwa mbali yapakati pa chitoliro cha chitoliro.

Zotsatira za Camming

Pophatikizana, ma offsets awiriwa amapanga zomwe mainjiniya amatcha kuti cam-like action. Pamene valavu ikuyamba kutseguka, diski imatuluka pampando mkati mwa 1° mpaka 3° yoyamba kuzungulira. Pafupifupi 95% ya ulendo wa valavu, palibe kukhudzana pakati pa diski ndi mpando. Kukangana kumachepa, mphamvu yogwirira ntchito imachepa, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ya mipando yofewa ya elastomer kapena polymer—monga PTFE ndi RTFE—imawonjezeka kwambiri.

Deta ya m'munda ikusonyeza kuti ma valve a gulugufe awiri osasunthika bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 15 mpaka 20 pa ntchito zopanikizika pang'ono, ndipo mapangidwe ena amapitilira nthawi yogwira ntchito miliyoni imodzi. Kuchepa kwa kukangana kumatanthauzanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yokonza—nthawi ya moyo wa mipando ya ma valve nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali katatu kapena kasanu kuposa ya mapangidwe amodzi osasunthika.

2. Kapangidwe ka Mpando Wotetezeka pa Moto

Mu malo oyeretsera mafuta ndi mankhwala, zida zoyeretsera mapaipi ziyenera kusunga kutseka ngakhale zitapsa ndi moto wa fakitale. Kuti pakhale chitetezo chenicheni pa moto pamafunika malo apadera okhala ndi mipando iwiri.

Kapangidwe ka mpando woteteza moto kamakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zotsekera zomwe zimagwira ntchito motsatizana:

Ntchito Yachizolowezi (Yofewa Chisindikizo Champhamvu):

Pansi pa mikhalidwe yokhazikika yogwirira ntchito, mpando wolimba wa PTFE, RTFE, kapena Devlon umagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu chotsekera, chogwirizana kwathunthu ndi m'mphepete mwa disc kuti chizimitse mwamphamvu motsatira zofunikira za API 598 kapena ISO 5208 Rate A. Munjira iyi, valavu imakwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito osatulutsa madzi.

Kukhudzana ndi Moto (Chisindikizo cha Chitsulo Chimagwira Ntchito):

Pamene kutentha kwa malo ozungulira kukupitirira pafupifupi 540°C (1,000°F) pa moto wa fakitale, mpando wofewa woyamba umafewa, umawola, kenako umayaka. Pa nthawiyi, mpando wachiwiri wachitsulo wodzazidwa kale—nthawi zambiri wopangidwa kuchokera ku Inconel 718 kapena 625—umachoka pansi pa mphamvu ya mzere ndikutseka m'mphepete mwa disc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chotchinga chikhale chachitsulo. Mapangidwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito mpando woyamba wa RPTFE wokhala ndi chosungira cha Inconel 625, chovoteledwa ku API 607 ​​6th Edition.

Chotchinga chachiwiri ichi chochokera ku chitsulo kupita ku chitsulo chimatsimikizira kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yoyesera moto kuphatikizapo API 607 ​​ndi ISO 10497 (yomwe kale inali BS 6755 Gawo 2). API 607 ​​imafuna kuti valavu iyendetsedwe (kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa) panthawi yoyesa moto kuti zitsimikizire kuti makinawo akugwirabe ntchito pamene akuyaka moto. Kuyesaku kumawonetsa valavuyo pa 750–1,000°C kwa mphindi 30, ndi malire otayikira omwe afotokozedwa pa nthawi yonse yoyatsira moto komanso nthawi yoziziritsa moto pambuyo pa moto.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti satifiketi yoteteza moto imagwira ntchito pa kapangidwe ka mavavu, osati mavavu payokha. Kapangidwe kakadutsa mayeso a API 607, mavavu onse a banja lopangalo amavomerezedwa popanda mayeso a moto payokha.

3. Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri Poyerekeza ndi Ma Vavu a Gulugufe Okhazikika

Oyang'anira kugula zinthu omwe amayesa kukonza makina amagetsi nthawi zina amayesedwa kusankha ma valve a gulugufe omwe ndi otsika mtengo. Komabe, mapaipi amphamvu komanso amphamvu amafuna kuti valavu ya gulugufe ikhale yolimba ngati ya gulugufe.

API 641, yomwe idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 2016, imayang'anira kuyesa kwa mpweya wotuluka m'mlengalenga kwa ma valve ozungulira kotala kuphatikiza gulugufe, mpira, ndi mitundu ya pulagi. Imafotokoza ma cycle 610 a makina ndi ma cycle atatu a kutentha, okhala ndi miyeso yamphamvu komanso yosasinthasintha.

4. Kukula kwa Actuator ndi Zotsatira za Mtengo

Popeza kuti mawonekedwe a double-offset geometry amachotsa kukoka kwa drag komwe kumachitika mu mapangidwe a concentric, amasintha kwambiri torque ya valavu.

Mu valavu ya gulugufe yooneka ngati ya eccentric iwiri, mphamvu ya peak torque imachitika pokhapokha pa 5° yomaliza yotseka—zomwe mainjiniya amatchamphamvu yokhala ndi mipandoMphamvu yothamanga—mphamvu yofunikira kuti diski iyendetsedwe mu kuzungulira kotsala—ndi yotsika kwambiri.

Pa zozungulira zokha, mbiri iyi ya torque imapereka zabwino zazikulu zachuma:

• Ma Actuator Ang'onoang'ono: Mutha kuchepetsa ma actuator a pneumatic kapena ma motors amagetsi ambiri otembenukira ndi 20% mpaka 35% poyerekeza ndi valavu ya mpira kapena valavu yozungulira yosasankhidwa bwino. Magwero ena amanena kuti kufunikira kwa torque ndi 30% mpaka 50% yotsika kuposa mavalavu a gulugufe apakati.

•Kuchepetsa Mapazi: Ma actuator ang'onoang'ono amasanduka mwachindunji kulemera kopepuka kwa skid komanso ndalama zochepa zothandizira kapangidwe ka mapaipi.

•Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mochepa: Ma actuator obwezeretsa masika a pneumatic amafuna mphamvu yochepa yowongolera mpweya, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu wonse wamagetsi pa malo ogwiritsira ntchito compressor.

Malangizo othandiza posankha choyezera mphamvu: ngati valavu ili ndi 80 Nm ya torque yofunikira, choyezera mphamvu chiyenera kukhala ndi kukula kwa 100 Nm kapena kupitirira apo, pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo. Makhalidwe a torque yotsika ya mapangidwe awiri a eccentric amatanthauza kuti chitetezo ichi nthawi zambiri chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa baseline yocheperako kuposa momwe chingafunikire pa valavu yozungulira.

5. Kusankha Zinthu ndi Kuganizira Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Kusinthasintha kwa valavu ya gulugufe yooneka ngati yosiyana kawiri kumafalikira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito, bola ngati zipangizo zasankhidwa moyenera.

Zipangizo za Thupi:

Zosankha zambiri zimaphatikizapo chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosungunuka (WCB), ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (CF8M). Pa ntchito za mankhwala amphamvu ndi madzi a m'nyanja, pali ma alloys a super duplex ndi nickel-based.

Zosankha za mipando:

Mipando yofewa (PTFE, RTFE, Devlon) imatseka mwamphamvu kuti isagwe chifukwa cha zinthu zina. Mipando yachitsulo (Inconel, Stellite) imawonjezera kutentha mpaka 600°C ndipo mwachibadwa siipsa ndi moto.

Zipangizo za Disc:

Zosankha zimayambira pa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi epoxy mpaka SS304, SS316, ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi duplex.

Pa ntchito yothira madzi oundana—monga migodi, phulusa la ntchentche, kapena bauxite—mapangidwe awiri ozungulira amapereka ubwino kuposa ma valve ozungulira chifukwa mphamvu ya cam ya disc imachotsa zolumikizira kuchokera ku sealing interface, kuchepetsa kutsekeka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kuwonongeka kwa mipando. Pa ntchito za LNG zophimbidwa ndi cryogenic, zipangizo zokonzedwa mwapadera ndi njira zoziziritsira kwambiri zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yodalirika mpaka −196°C.

Kugwirizana ndi NSW: Kudzidalira kwa Uinjiniya

Kaya mukupanga fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta, nsanja yobowolera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri choyeretsera mankhwala, kusankha valavu yoyenera kumatsimikizira nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito komanso chitetezo cha chomera.

Ku kampani ya NSW VALVE (nswvalve.com), timapanga ma valve a gulugufe ovomerezeka a API 607, otetezeka pamoto, komanso opangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zovuta kwambiri pafakitale. Malo athu opangira zinthu mogwirizana ndi ISO amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolimba ya Positive Material Identification (PMI), kufufuza kosawononga (NDE), ndi makina olondola a CNC kuti apereke ma valve opanda kutayikira konse, mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yocheperako, komanso kutsata bwino kwa zitsulo.

Timapereka mipando yosiyanasiyana—yokhala yofewa kuti izimitse bwino, yotetezeka pa moto kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi hydrocarbon, komanso yokhala ndi zitsulo kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri—zonsezi zimapezeka ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yamanja, yampweya, kapena yamagetsi.

Lumikizanani ndi gulu lathu la mainjiniya panswvalve.comlero kuti mutumize ma datasheet anu, kukambirana za ma alloy omwe mwasankha (monga Super Duplex kapena Monel), kapena kupempha malipoti athu ovomerezeka a mayeso a API 607.

Zolemba Zaukadaulo

•API 607: Kuyesa Moto kwa Ma Vavu ndi Ma Vavu Ozungulira Kotala Okhala ndi Mipando Yosakhala Yachitsulo

•API 609Ma Vavu a Gulugufe: Okhala ndi Zingwe Ziwiri, Mtundu wa Lug- ndi Wafer

•API 641Kuyesa kwa Mpweya Wothawa kwa Ma Valves Ozungulira Kotala

•ISO 10497Zofunikira pa Kuyesa Mtundu wa Moto pa Ma Valves

•ISO 15848-1Ma Vavu a Mafakitale—Njira Zoyezera, Kuyesa, ndi Kuyenerera kwa Utsi Wotuluka Mwadzidzidzi

•ASME B16.34Ma Vavu—Okhala ndi Flanged, Threaded, ndi Welding End