Kodi Valve ya Mpira ndi Chiyani: Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Valavu ya Mpira, valavu yomwe mbali zake zotsegulira ndi zotsekera (mpira() zimayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valavu ndipo zimazungulira mozungulira valavu ya mpira. Vavu ya mpira ya V yolimba yotsekedwa ili ndi mphamvu yolimba pakati pa pakati pa mpira wake wa V ndi mpando wa valavu yachitsulo wolumikizidwa ndi alloy yolimba, yomwe ndi yoyenera makamaka pazinthu zokhala ndi ulusi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba, ndi zina zotero. Vavu ya mpira ya njira zambiri singathe kungowongolera mosinthasintha kulumikizana, kusinthasintha, ndi njira yoyendera ya cholumikizira pa payipi, komanso kutseka njira iliyonse kuti ilumikize njira zina ziwiri. Vavu yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri iyenera kuyikidwa mopingasa mu payipi. Mavavu a mpira amagawidwa m'mavavu a mpira opumira, mavavu a mpira wamagetsi, ndi mavavu a mpira wamanja malinga ndi njira yoyendetsera.

Kodi Valavu ya Mpira ndi Chiyani?

AMa valve a mpira adapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1950. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo mwachangu, kusintha kosalekeza kwa njira zopangira ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu, ma valve a mpira asintha mwachangu kukhala mtundu waukulu wa ma valve m'zaka 40 zokha. M'maiko otukuka akumadzulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a mpira kukuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka.

M'dziko langa, ma valve a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyenga mafuta, mapaipi akutali, mankhwala, kupanga mapepala, mankhwala, kusamalira madzi, magetsi, kayendetsedwe ka boma, zitsulo ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko. Ali ndi kayendedwe ka madigiri 90, thupi la pulagi ndi lozungulira, ndipo pali dzenje lozungulira kapena njira yodutsa mu mzere wake.

Ma valve a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudula, kugawa, ndikusintha njira yoyendera ya sing'anga mu payipi. Amangofunika kuzungulira madigiri 90 ndi mphamvu yaying'ono kwambiri kuti atseke bwino. Ma valve a mpira ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma switch ndi ma valve odulidwa, ma valve a mpira amtundu wa V. Kuwonjezera pa kusamala kwambiri magawo a mapaipi, ma valve amagetsi ayeneranso kusamala kwambiri momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Popeza chipangizo chamagetsi mu valavu yamagetsi ndi chipangizo chamagetsi, momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kodi Ma Valves a Mpira Ndi Otani? 

• Kukana kuvala: popeza pakati pa valavu ya valavu yolimba ndi yothira mankhwala opopera achitsulo,Mphete yotsekera ndi yachitsulo chosungunuka, kotero valavu yolimba yotsekeredwa sidzawononga kwambiri ikasintha. (Kulimba kwake ndi 65-70):

• Kugwira ntchito bwino kosindikiza: popeza chisindikizo cha valavu yolimba yotsekedwa chimaphwanyidwa ndi manja, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakati pa valavu ndi mphete yotsekera zigwirizana bwino. Chifukwa chake magwiridwe antchito ake otsekera ndi odalirika.

• Mphamvu Yochepa: popeza pansi pa mphete yotsekera ya valavu yolimba ya mpira imagwiritsa ntchito kasupe kuti igwire mphete yotsekera ndi pakati pa valavu pamodzi, chosinthiracho chimakhala chopepuka kwambiri pamene mphamvu yakunja ipitirira mphamvu ya kasupeyo.

• Utumiki wautalimoyo: Yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana monga mafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, kupanga magetsi, kupanga mapepala, mphamvu ya atomiki, ndege, maroketi, ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu.

Kodi Ubwino wa Ma Valves a Mpira ndi Chiyani?

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ma valve, ma valve a mpira amatsegulidwa mwachangu, bwino komanso modalirika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi ubwino wotsatira:

1. Chogwirira cha thrust chimachepetsa mphamvu ya kukangana kwa tsinde la valavu, zomwe zingapangitse tsinde la valavu kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mosinthasintha kwa nthawi yayitali.
2. Ntchito yotsutsana ndi static: Kasupe amayikidwa pakati pa mpira, tsinde la valavu, ndi thupi la valavu kuti apereke magetsi osasunthika omwe amapangidwa panthawi yosinthira.
3. Popeza zinthu zoterePolytetrafluoroethylene ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zodzipaka mafuta komanso kutayika pang'ono kwa kukangana ndi mpira, valavu ya mpira imakhala ndi moyo wautali.
4. Kukana pang'ono kwa madzi: Ma valve a mpira wa pneumatic ali ndi kukana kochepa kwambiri kwa madzi pakati pa magulu onse a ma valve. Ngakhale ma valve a mpira wa pneumatic omwe ali ndi mainchesi ochepa, kukana kwawo kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.
5. Chisindikizo chodalirika cha tsinde la valavu: Popeza tsinde la valavu limangozungulira koma silikwera, chisindikizo chonyamula cha tsinde la valavu sichosavuta kuwonongeka, ndipo kuthekera kotseka kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwapakati.
6. Kugwira bwino ntchito yotsekera mipando ya mavavu: Mphete yotsekera yopangidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka monga polytetrafluoroethylene ndi yosavuta kutseka, ndipo mphamvu yotsekera ya valavu ya mpira imawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwapakati.
7. Ma valve ang'onoang'ono okana madzi, okhala ndi mainchesi onse awiri alibe kukana kwa madzi.
8. Kapangidwe kosavuta, kakang'ono kukula kwake komanso kulemera kwake kopepuka.
9. Yolimba komanso yodalirika. Ili ndi malo awiri otsekera, ndipo zinthu zotsekera pamwamba pa valavu ya mpira zimagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana, ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino potsekera ndipo zimatha kutseka kwathunthu. Yagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makina oyeretsera mpweya.
10. Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu, ingozungulirani 90° kuchokera potseguka kwathunthu mpaka potseka kwathunthu, yosavuta kuwongolera mtunda wautali.
11. Kukonza kosavuta, valavu ya mpira ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, ndipo mphete yotsekera nthawi zambiri imasunthika, yomwe ndi yabwino kuichotsa ndi kuisintha.
12. Ikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu, pamwamba pa mpira ndi mpando wa valavu zimachotsedwa pa sing'anga, ndipo sing'angayo sidzayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa sing'anga yotsekera valavu ikadutsa.
13. Magwiritsidwe ntchito osiyanasiyana, mainchesi ake amasiyana kuyambira mamilimita angapo mpaka mamita angapo, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira pa vacuum yokwera mpaka kuthamanga kwambiri.
14. Popeza valavu ya mpira ili ndi mphamvu yopukuta panthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo olumikizirana ndi tinthu tolimba tomwe timapachikidwa.
15. Kukonza bwino kwambiri, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, ngati pali zinyalala mu payipi, n'zosavuta kutsekedwa ndi zinyalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu isatsegulidwe.

Kodi Magulu a Ma Valves a Mpira ndi ati?

 Kugawa ntchito

• Valavu yodutsa: ma valve a mpira nthawi zambiri amatsegulidwa ndi madzi osasinthasintha, kotero ma valve odutsa amayikidwa kuti azitha kulimbitsa mphamvu kaye, ndiko kuti, mbali zonse ziwiri zimadzazidwa ndi madzi;
• Valavu ya mpweya: mpweya ukadzala ndi madzi, umachotsedwa ndipo choyandama chimatseka valavu yokha; mpweya ukatuluka, umawonjezedwa ndipo choyandama chimatsika chokha;
• Valavu yothandizira kupanikizika:Potsegula ndi kutseka valavu, madzi opanikizika pakati pa valavu ndi chivundikiro chotsekera amachotsedwa kuti asavale chivundikiro chotsekera;
• Valavu yotulutsira madzi: tulutsani madzi otayira kuchokera pansi pa chipolopolo cha mpira.

Gulu la actuator ya mpira

• Vavu ya Mpira wa Pneumatic
• Vavu ya Mpira Wamagetsi
• Valavu ya Mpira wa Hydraulic
• Valavu ya mpira wa pneumatic ndi hydraulic
• Valavu ya mpira wa electro-hydraulic
• Valavu ya mpira wa turbine transmission

Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi chipolopolo cha valavu ya mpira/zinthu za thupi

• Zitsulo Zofunika Mpira Valavu: mongaMa Vavu a Mpira wa Carbon Steel, ma vavu achitsulo cha alloy, Ma Vavu a Mpira wa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri, ma vavu achitsulo chopangidwa ndi cast iron, ma vavu a titanium alloy, ma vavu a monel, ma vavu a mkuwa a alloy, ma vavu a aluminiyamu alloy, ma vavu a lead alloy, ndi zina zotero.
• Ma Valves Okhala ndi Thupi Lachitsulo: monga ma valve okhala ndi rabara, ma valve okhala ndi fluorine, ma valve okhala ndi lead, ma valve okhala ndi pulasitiki, ma valve okhala ndi enamel.
• Ma Valves Opanda Chitsulo: monga ma valve a ceramic, ma valve agalasi, ma valve apulasitiki.

Magawo Aakulu a Valavu ya Mpira

• Kupanikizika Kwadzina: PN1.0-42.0MPa, ANSI CLASS 150-2500, JIS10-20K
• M'mimba mwake mwa dzina: DN6~1200, NPS 1/4~48
• Kulumikiza Komaliza: flange, welding ya matako, ulusi, welding ya socket, ndi zina zotero.
• Kutentha Koyenera: -196℃~540℃;
• Ntchito: cholumikizira chamanja, cholumikizira zida za nyongolotsi, cholumikizira mpweya, chamagetsi, chamadzimadzi, cholumikizira cha gasi ndi madzi, cholumikizira chamagetsi ndi chamadzimadzi;
• Zida za Thupi la Vavu: WCB, ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti, ZG1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, CF8(304), CF3(304L), CF8M(316), CF3M (316L), Ti., Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa madzi, nthunzi, mafuta, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxidizing medium, urea ndi zina zotero.

Njira Yokhazikitsira ndi Masitepe a Valve ya Mpira pa Pipeline 

1. Chotsani zophimba zoteteza mbali zonse ziwiri za flange ndikutsuka ndi kuyeretsa valavu ikatsegulidwa bwino.
2. Musanayambe kuyiyika, makina onse ayenera kuyesedwa malinga ndi chizindikiro chomwe chatchulidwa (magetsi kapena gasi) (kuti apewe kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mayendedwe kuti asakhudze magwiridwe antchito), ndipo akhoza kuyikidwa pa intaneti pokhapokha atapambana mayeso (kulumikiza mawaya malinga ndi chithunzi cha magetsi).
3. Musanalumikizane ndi payipi, tsukani ndi kuyeretsa zonyansa zotsala mu payipi (zinthu izi zitha kuwononga mpando wa valavu ndi mpira).
4. Mukakhazikitsa, chonde musagwiritse ntchito gawo la actuator la valavu ngati malo onyamulira kuti mupewe kuwononga actuator ndi zowonjezera.
5. Mtundu uwu wa valavu uyenera kuyikidwa mbali yopingasa kapena yoyima ya payipi.
6. Paipi yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo oikira siyenera kugwa kapena kugonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu zakunja. Mabulaketi a mapaipi kapena zothandizira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa kupatuka kwa mapaipi.
7. Mukamaliza kulumikiza ku payipi, limbitsani mabotolo olumikizira flange ndi mphamvu yomwe mwasankha.

Nthawi Zoyenera Zogwiritsira Ntchito Ma Valves a Mpira

Popeza ma valve a mpira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphira, nayiloni ndi polytetrafluoroethylene ngati zipangizo zotsekera mipando ya valve, kutentha kwawo kumachepetsedwa ndi zipangizo zotsekera mipando ya valve. Mphamvu yotseka ya valve ya mpira imapezeka chifukwa cha mpira wachitsulo womwe umakanikizidwa pa mpando wa valve ya pulasitiki pansi pa mphamvu ya medium (valve yoyandama). Mphete yotsekera mipando ya valve imadutsa mu elastic-plastic deformation m'madera am'deralo pansi pa mphamvu inayake yokhudzana nayo. Deformation iyi ikhoza kubwezera kulondola kwa kupanga ndi kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa mpira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti valve ya mpira ikugwira ntchito bwino.

Popeza chisindikizo cha mpando wa valavu ya mpira nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, kukana moto ndi kupewa moto kwa valavu ya mpira kuyenera kuganiziridwa posankha kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a valavu ya mpira, makamaka m'madipatimenti a mafuta, mankhwala, zitsulo ndi zina, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mavalavu a mpira m'zida ndi machitidwe apaipi okhala ndi zinthu zoyaka moto komanso zophulika kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kukana moto ndi kupewa moto.

Kawirikawiri, ma valve a mpira amalimbikitsidwa m'machitidwe apaipi okhala ndi kusintha kwa malo awiri, magwiridwe antchito otsekera, matope, kusweka, njira yochepetsera, kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu (kutsegula ndi kutseka kozungulira 1/4), kudula kwa kuthamanga kwambiri (kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga), phokoso lotsika, kutsekeka ndi mpweya, kutuluka pang'ono mumlengalenga, mphamvu yaying'ono yogwirira ntchito, komanso kukana pang'ono kwa madzi.

Ma valve a mpira ndi oyeneranso pamakina apaipi okhala ndi zomangira zopepuka, kudula kwa mphamvu yochepa (kusiyana pang'ono kwa mphamvu), ndi zinthu zowononga. Ma valve a mpira angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazida zotentha pang'ono (kuzizira kwambiri) ndi makina apaipi. Mumakina apaipi a okosijeni amakampani opanga zitsulo, ma valve a mpira omwe achotsedwa mafuta mokwanira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene payipi yayikulu mu payipi yamafuta ndi payipi ya gasi ikufunika kukwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka, valavu ya mpira yolumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chonse iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakufunika magwiridwe antchito owongolera, valavu ya mpira yokhala ndi kapangidwe kapadera yokhala ndi potseguka looneka ngati V iyenera kusankhidwa. Mu mafuta, petrochemical, mankhwala, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zomangamanga za m'mizinda, ma valve a mpira otsekedwa ndi zitsulo amatha kusankhidwa pamakina apaipi okhala ndi kutentha kopitilira madigiri 200.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Ma Valves a Mpira

Ubwino wa Valavu ya Mpira:

1. Ili ndi kukana kotsika kwambiri kwa madzi (kwenikweni 0);
2. Popeza sichidzamira panthawi yogwira ntchito (pamene palibe mafuta odzola), chingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera mu zinthu zowononga komanso zakumwa zotentha pang'ono;
3. Ikhoza kutseka kwathunthu mkati mwa kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwakukulu;
4. Imatha kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu, ndipo nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka ya nyumba zina ndi 0.05 ~ 0.1s yokha, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu makina odziyimira pawokha a benchi yoyesera. Valavu ikatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa mwachangu, ntchitoyo siigwira ntchito.
5. Chidutswa chotseka chozungulira chimatha kupeza chokha pamalo olowera malire;
6. Chogwirira ntchito chimatsekedwa bwino mbali zonse ziwiri;
7. Ikatsegulidwa bwino komanso kutsekedwa bwino, pamwamba pa mpira ndi mpando wa valavu zimachotsedwa pa sing'anga, kotero sing'anga yomwe imadutsa mu valavu pa liwiro lalikulu sidzayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa sing'anga;
8. Kapangidwe kake ndi kakang'ono komanso kopepuka, ndipo kangaganizidwe ngati kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka valavu yamakina apakatikati otsika kutentha;
9. Thupi la valavu ndi lofanana, makamaka kapangidwe ka thupi la valavu yolumikizidwa, yomwe imatha kupirira kupsinjika kuchokera ku payipi;
10. Chidutswa chotsekacho chimatha kupirira kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwamphamvu chikatsekedwa. ⑾ Valavu ya mpira yokhala ndi thupi la valavu yolumikizidwa bwino imatha kukwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka, kuti mkati mwa valavu musawonongeke, ndipo nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito ikhoza kufika zaka 30. Ndi valavu yoyenera kwambiri ya mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe.

Zoyipa za valavu ya mpira

1. Popeza mphete yotsekera mpando waukulu wa valavu ya mpira imapangidwa ndi poly tetra fluoro ethylene, imakhala ndi coefficient yayikulu yokulitsa, imakhudzidwa ndi kuzizira, komanso imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zotsekera zikauma, kudalirika kwa chisindikizocho kudzawonongeka.
2. Kuphatikiza apo, polytetrafluoroethylene imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha kutentha kochepera 180°C. Ngati kutentha kupitirira kutentha kumeneku, zinthu zotsekera zidzakalamba. Poganizira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 120°C yokha.
3. Kusintha kwake kumakhala koipa kuposa kwa valavu yoyimitsa, makamaka valavu ya pneumatic (kapena valavu yamagetsi).