Kodi Valavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika ndi Chiyani - Kufotokozera Chipangizo Chotetezera

Kodi Valavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika ndi Chiyani?

Vavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika (PRV) ndi chipangizo chodzitetezera chokha chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chiteteze makina otsekedwa, zida, ndi mapaipi kuti asawonongeke chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwambiri. Chimakhala ndi masipiringi okhazikika komanso zinthu zowongolera madzi. Kupanikizika kwa dongosolo kukafika pamlingo wokhazikitsidwa kale wa valavu, valavu imayamba kugwira ntchito kuti itulutse kupanikizika kochulukirapo.

Kodi Valavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Pamene mphamvu ya nthunzi pansi pa diski ya valavu ipitirira mphamvu ya kasupe, diskiyo imakwera. Pamene ikutsegulidwa, nthunzi yotuluka imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mphete yosungira diski kudzera mu mphamvu ya reaction ya mphete yosinthira yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutseguka kwathunthu kuchitike mwachangu. Pamene diski ikukwera kwambiri, nthunzi imakhudza mphete yosinthira yapamwamba, ndikuyendetsa kayendedwe molunjika pansi. Mphamvu yosinthira yomwe imachitika imakankhira diskiyo mmwamba, kusunga kutalika kokwanira kokweza mkati mwa mphamvu inayake. Pamene mpweya wopopera mphamvu ukutsika pang'onopang'ono. Mphamvu ya kasupe imagonjetsa mphamvu ya nthunzi ndi mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu, ndikutseka valavu mosamala.

Ntchito ya Valavu Yothandizira: Cholinga Chachikulu & Kufunika Kwake

Ntchito yaikulu ya Vavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Vavu Yotetezeka) ndikuletsa kupanikizika kwambiri m'malo omwe makina amapanikizika kwambiri, kuteteza kulimba kwa zida. Mwa kulamulira kuthamanga kwa mphamvu, ma PRV amatulutsa madzi akangofika pamavuto akuluakulu, kusunga kuthamanga kwa mphamvu mkati mwa malire otetezeka. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zida zikugwira ntchito bwino, zimaletsa kulephera chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwambiri, komanso zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kusokonezeka kwa ntchito.

Kufunika Kofunika Kwambiri kwa Ma Valves Othandizira Kupanikizika

Ma PRV amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale. Popanda iwo, kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kosazolowereka m'mafakitale amphamvu kwambiri kungayambitse kuphulika kwa mapaipi, kuwonongeka kwa zida, komanso zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo. Kulephera kotereku kumabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma komanso zoopsa zosawerengeka zachitetezo. Chifukwa chake, kusankha bwino ma PRV, kuyang'ana nthawi zonse, kukonza, komanso kusintha zida zolakwika panthawi yake ndikofunikira.

Valavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika kwa Chitetezo: Mawu Ofotokozera ndi Kuchuluka

Mwachidule, "Safety Valve" imaphatikizapo mavavu ochepetsa kupanikizika. Komabe, matanthauzo a malamulo amanena kuti mavavu omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji pa ma boiler a nthunzi kapena zombo zopanikizika za Class I - zomwe zimafuna satifiketi ya thupi lolamulira - amatchedwa mavavu achitetezo. Ena nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu a Mavavu Othandizira kapena Mavavu Othandizira Kupanikizika.

Valavu Yoteteza vs. Valavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika: Kusiyana Kwakukulu

Ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito zake zimafanana (zonse zimatulutsa zokha zinthu zikapitirira mphamvu yokhazikika), Ma Vavu Oteteza ndi Ma Vavu Othandizira Kupanikizika ndi osiyana malinga ndi ASME Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel Code, Gawo I:

Valavu Yotetezera: Valavu yoyendetsedwa ndi kupanikizika yokhala ndi kachitidwe ka "kutsegula mwachangu". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ntchito ya gasi kapena nthunzi.

Vavu Yothandizira (Vavu Yothandizira Kupanikizika): Valavu yoyendetsedwa ndi kupanikizika imatseguka molingana ndi momwe kupanikizika kumapitilira malo omwe akhazikitsidwa. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ntchito yamadzimadzi (madzimadzi).

Ngakhale matanthauzidwe awa, chisokonezo chikupitirirabe chifukwa cha kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana m'mafakitale ena, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto ogwirira ntchito.

Mfundo Zosankha Ma Valavu Othandizira Kupanikizika

Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa valavu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito:

1. Zotenthetsera ndi Nthunzi:Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma Open, Full-Lift Spring-Loaded Safety Valve.

2. Utumiki wa Zamadzimadzi:Kawirikawiri amafunika ma Valves Otetezeka Otsika (Ma Valves Othandizira).

3. Utumiki wa Mpweya/Gasi:Gwiritsani ntchito ma valve otsekeka, odzaza ndi ma spring relief relief valves.

4. Ma Tanker a LPG (Msewu/Njanji):Amafuna Ma Vavu Othandizira Kupanikizika Omwe Amakwezedwa Mkati, Omwe Amakwezedwa Mkati.

5. Malo Ogulitsira Mafuta:Kawirikawiri amafunika ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika oyendetsedwa ndi oyendetsa ndege.

6. Cholowera Chodutsa Mphamvu ya Nthunzi Chopatsira Mphamvu Yaikulu:Gwiritsani ntchito ma valve oyendetsedwa ndi oyendetsa ndege okhala ndi ntchito zotetezera komanso zowongolera pamodzi.

7. Chofunikira pa Kuyesa Kawirikawiri:Ma valve omwe amafunika kuyezedwa ndi manja amafunikira lever (chipangizo chonyamulira). Izi zimalola kukweza pang'ono pa ≥75% kuti zitsimikizire momwe ntchito ikuyendera.

8. Ntchito Yotentha Kwambiri (>300°C ya ma valve otsekedwa, >350°C ya ma valve otseguka):Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve okhala ndi zoziziritsira/zipsepse zoziziritsira.

Miyezo ya Ma Vavu Otetezeka: Ma Global Frameworks

Miyezo yofunika kwambiri yoyendetsera zinthu ndi iyi:

JB/T 2203-1999 (China – General):

Muyezo wamba wapakhomo wa miyeso ya mavavu achitetezo a kasupe. Pali zoletsa (zosakwana DN200 pakukweza zonse, DN100 pakukweza pang'ono, DN65/DN125 ikusowa). Machitidwe amakampani nthawi zambiri amapitirira malire a kukula (mpaka DN250 pakukweza pang'ono, DN400 kukweza konse). Miyeso ya flange yosasinthasintha (monga mitundu ya DN150) imafuna kusinthidwa kwa muyezo kuti zigwirizane.

API 526 (US – Ma Vavu Opindika):

Muyezo wa zida za mankhwala/petrochem zomwe zatumizidwa kunja. Zimaphimba DN25-DN200 (1″-8″), 2-42MPa, kukula kwa pakhosi DT (9.5-146mm). Mwasayansi, zimatanthauzira zofunikira potengera kukula kwa pakhosi. Kupeza mphamvu ku China kudzera mu malonda/kumalo kwa zida. Sipanakhale muyezo wa dziko la China.

Ma Vavu Oyendetsedwa ndi Oyendetsa (Anderson Greenwood Model):

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito zonyamula mphamvu zambiri, kusinthasintha kochepa kwa ntchito, kutayikira kwa mpweya pafupifupi zero, komanso kusamva kupsinjika kwa msana (monga mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe). Alibe miyezo yodzipereka yaku China; opanga ambiri amatsatira mapangidwe a Anderson Greenwood. Kufunika kwachangu kwa miyezo yapakhomo (monga, ndi HF General Machinery Research Institute).

Mndandanda wa HT (Aerospace Research Institute 11th - China):

Dongosolo lapadera kuphatikiza HTO (standard), HTB (balanced bellows), HTR (venting), HTN (special), HTGS (high-perf steam), HTXY (liquid), HTXD (yoyendetsedwa ndi pilot). HTXD imagawana miyeso ndi Anderson Greenwood; ina imasiyana ndi miyezo ya API/JB. Chofunika kwambiri kuti mutsimikizire kuyanjana panthawi yosankha.

Mapeto

Ma Vavu Othandizira Kupanikizika ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo zomwe zimateteza kuwonongeka kwa zida ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo ali olimba poletsa kupanikizika kwambiri. Udindo wawo wofunikira pantchito zamafakitale umakhudza mwachindunji zokolola ndi zotsatira zachitetezo. Mabungwe ayenera kusankha PRV moyenera, kuyika molondola, kukonza nthawi mosamala, komanso kusintha makinawo mwachangu kuti atsimikizire kuti makinawo amagwira ntchito bwino, motetezeka, komanso moyenera.