Kodi Chizindikiro cha Valve ya Mpira ndi Chiyani (Miyezo ya P&ID & Engineering)

Zizindikiro za ma valve a mpira ndi zithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansizojambula zaukadaulo, Ma P&ID (Ma Piping ndi Zida Zojambulira), ndi zolemba zaukadaulo. Zizindikiro zokhazikika izi zimapereka chidziwitso chovuta cha valavu mwachidule, zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi kuzindikira ndi kutanthauzira nthawi yomweyovalavu ya mpirantchito m'machitidwe amadzimadzi.

Kodi Valavu ya Mpira ndi Chiyani??

Vavu ya mpira ndi valavu yozungulira kotala yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mpira wopanda kanthu, wozungulira kuti ilamulire kuyenda kwa madzi. Chogwirira kapena choyendetsera mpira chikatembenuza mpirawo madigiri 90, boreyo imagwirizana ndi chitoliro kuti ilole kuyenda kapena kupingasa kuti ilepheretse kuyenda kwake. Mavavu a mpira amadziwika kuti amatseka mwamphamvu, amagwira ntchito mwachangu, komanso amakhala olimba, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri.

Zizindikiro za Valve ya Mpira mu P&ID

Mu ma diagram a P&ID, ma valve a mpira amaimiridwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro zoyambira zomwe zimasonyeza mtundu wawo, njira yoyendetsera, ndi momwe amalephera. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chimaphatikizapo bwalo lokhala ndi mzere wopingasa kapena bwalo laling'ono mkati, loyimira mpira ndi njira yake yoyendera. Zosintha zina zimasonyeza ngati valavuyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, yamagetsi, yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya, kapena ili ndi zinthu zina zapadera.

Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo:

• Valavu Yokhazikika ya Mpira: Bwalo lozungulira lokhala ndi mzere wopingasa kudzera mmenemo.

• Valavu ya Mpira Yoyendetsedwa ndi Moto: Chizindikiro chomwecho chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha “M” kapena chamagetsi.

• Valavu ya Mpira wa Solenoid: Kawirikawiri imawonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro cha actuator yamagetsi.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Zizindikiro za Valve ya Mpira

*(Kutengera Miyezo ya ISO/ANSI/ISA-S5.1)*

1. Chigawo cha Mpira Wozungulira

Chizindikiro chapakati ndi bwalo loyimira mpira wozungulira wa valavu. Chinthu ichi chimasonyeza ngati valavuyo ndichibowo chonse (doko lonse)kapenabore yochepetsedwa (doko lochepetsedwa)- chofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino kayendedwe ka madzi.

2. Mivi Yozungulira Yotsogolera

Mivi ikuwonetsa momwe mpira umagwirira ntchito:

↗: Kuzungulira mozungulira wotchi = ValavuTSEGULANI

↖Kuzungulira mozungulira wotchi = ValavuYATSEKA

*(Kuzungulira kwa 90° ndi muyezo wa ma valve a mpira ozungulira kotala)*

3. Zizindikiro za Malo Olowera/Otulukira

Mizere/mivi imasonyeza njira zoyendera:

– Kulumikizana kwa T koyima = Kulumikizana kwa mapaipi

– Mivi yopingasa = Njira yoyamba yoyendera

– Zizindikiro za makona atatu = Madoko opanikizika

4. Zizindikiro Zowonjezera Zaukadaulo

Zowonjezera zimafotokoza:

- Kupanikizika kwa ntchito (monga, PN16, Kalasi 150)

– Kutentha kwapakati (°C/°F)

- Makhodi azinthu (SS304, CS, PTFE)

- Mtundu wa Actuator (yamanja, ya pneumatic, yamagetsi)

Chitsanzo cha Chizindikiro cha Valavu ya Mpira (Chidule cha Malemba)

◯: Chigawo cha mpira chokhala ndi chizindikiro chozungulira

↗↖: Mayendedwe a njira yolowera (kumanja) ndi njira yotulukira (kumanzere)

*Zindikirani: Zizindikiro zenizeni za P&ID zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro za valavu (yotseguka/yotsekedwa/yotseguka pang'ono)*

Malangizo Owerengera Ma P&ID Okhala ndi Zizindikiro za Ball Valve

• Nthawi zonse tchulani nthano kapena chizindikiro chomwe chili pachithunzichi.

• Onani njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi malo olephera.

• Tsimikizirani momwe madzi akuyendera komanso manambala a valavu.

• Yang'anani bwino ma datasheet a ma valve ndi ma specifications.

Chifukwa Chake Miyezo ya Zizindikiro Ndi Yofunika Mu Uinjiniya

- ISO 14617 / ANSI/ISA-S5.1onetsetsani kuti dziko lonse lapansi likugwirizana

- Pali kusiyana kwa mafakitale (mafuta/gasi poyerekeza ndi mankhwala)

- Amachepetsa zolakwika zoyika ndi 68% (kafukufuku wa ASME 2023)

- Chofunika kwambiri kuti chitetezo chitsatidwe m'malo oopsa

Malangizo a Akatswiri:Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani ndi nthano zokhudzana ndi polojekiti - zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana pakati pa miyezo ya ISO, DIN, ndi ASME.

Yokonzedweratu kwa Mainjiniya ndi Akatswiri

Buku lotsogolera chizindikiro cha valavu ya mpira limakuthandizani:

✅ Sinthani ma diagram a P&ID mwachangu

✅ Dziwani mitundu ya ma valavu nthawi yomweyo (ma valavu a mpira poyerekeza ndi ma gate/globe)

✅ Pewani kutanthauzira molakwika kokwera mtengo

✅ Tsatirani zofunikira za zikalata za ISO 9001

*Kuti mudziwe zolondola, onani makope aposachedwa a:*

- Zizindikiro za Zida za ISA-S5.1

- Miyezo ya ISO 10628 P&ID

- ASME Y32.2.3 Valve Notation

> Kumbukirani:Zizindikiro za ma valavu a mpira ndi chilankhulo chapadziko lonse cha machitidwe owongolera madzi. Kuzidziwa bwino kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha magwiridwe antchito komanso kulondola kwaukadaulo m'magawo onse aukadaulo.

Ma Vavulopu a Mpira vs. Mitundu Ina ya Ma Vavulopu

Ngakhale ma valve a mpira ndi osinthasintha, ndikofunikira kuwasiyanitsa ndi ma valve ena wamba:

• Ma Vavulovu a Chipata:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsa/kutseka makina m'makina amphamvu koma ochedwa kugwira ntchito.

• Ma Vavulopu a Globe:Zabwino kwambiri pakuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kuletsa kuyenda kwa madzi.

• Ma Vavu a Gulugufe:Yaing'ono komanso yotsika mtengo pa mapaipi akuluakulu koma yosagwira ntchito bwino ikatsekedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.

• Ma Valuvu Oyesera:Lolani kuti madzi aziyenda mbali imodzi yokha.

Ma valve a mpira amapereka kutseka kwabwino kwambiri komanso kugwira ntchito mwachangu poyerekeza ndi njira zina zambiri, makamaka m'magwiritsidwe ntchito okwera mtengo.

Chidziwitso Chowonjezera: Zizindikiro za ma valve ena

Chitsanzo chosavuta cha chitsanzo china ndi ichizizindikiro za valavu(mu mawonekedwe a zolemba):

Mapeto

Zizindikiro za valavu ya mpirandi chilankhulo chofala kwambiri mu zolemba zaukadaulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kumathandizira kumveka bwino kwa makina, chitetezo cha magwiridwe antchito, komanso kukonza bwino. Kaya mukusankha, kukhazikitsa, kapena kusamaliramavavu a mpira, kumvetsetsa zizindikiro izi ndikofunikira.